- Causes: Occurs in crystals with non-cubic structures (intrinsic) or materials under stress (induced).
- Mechanism: Light splits into two perpendicular, polarized rays: the "ordinary" (o-ray) and "extraordinary" (e-ray).
- Formula:Birefringence () is quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices:.
- Types:
- Uniaxial: One optic axis; crystals like calcite or quartz.
- Biaxial: Two optic axes; more complex crystalline structures.
- Applications:
- Optics: Waveplates, polarizers, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
- Microscopy: Polarized light microscopy identifies minerals, polymers, and biological samples.
- Forensics/Biology: Used to study fibers, starch granules, and in sperm selection (head retardance analysis).
- Gemology: Identifies gemstones like emeralds or rubies.
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Sunday, February 22, 2026
The Chiral Universe...
The Debt Einstein Owes Leibnitz
The Identity of Indiscernibles (II) is a metaphysical principle stating that if two entities share all their properties, they are actually the same entity. Coined as part of Leibniz’s Law, it dictates that numerical difference (being two separate things) requires some qualitative difference (a different property).Key Concepts and Context:
- Definition: If for every property
F, an object x has Fif and only ifthen x and y are identical (x = y).
y has F,- Leibniz's View: It argues that there cannot be two distinct things that are absolutely identical in every respect (e.g., two identical spheres).
- Counter-arguments: Critics like Max Black proposed scenarios where two identical items could exist in different locations, challenging the idea that spatial location is an intrinsic property that makes them distinct.
- Indiscernibility of Identicals (II vs. IdI): This is a closely related but distinct, less controversial principle stating that if two things are identical, they share all properties.
Key Aspects of the Principle:
- Properties Defined: The principle often includes all properties, including spatial and temporal ones.
- Ontological Status: It is considered an ontological principle, rather than a rule of natural science.
- Alternatives: Some philosophers argue that objects can be numerically distinct even if they share all their qualities (a view often referred to as "individual haecceity" or, as in the case of Max Black's, a challenge to the principle).
Why it Matters:
- It impacts discussions on the nature of space and time.
- It influences theories on substance, individuality, and whether two items can ever be "exactly" alike.
Saturday, February 21, 2026
Buddhism: Replacing Unpredictable Autonomy with a Predictable Ego Ruled by It's 'Compassionate' SuperEgo (for Everyone BUT the Autonomous Self)
Leftism: A Crisis of Individual Purposelessness? Or Social Status? Perhaps BOTH.
Wednesday, February 18, 2026
NASA and ESA Confirm CDG-2 as a Dark Galaxy
Candidate Dark Galaxy One (CDG-1) is a rare, low-surface-brightness system in the Perseus cluster, identified as a tight, isolated grouping of four globular clusters lacking visible, diffuse stellar light. Detected via Hubble Space Telescope imaging, CDG-1 represents a potential candidate for a nearly-dark galaxy where stellar emission is almost entirely absent.It should not be confused with CDG-2, a subsequently identified "ghost galaxy" (reported in 2025/2026) in the same cluster, which was discovered with a faint, diffuse, and extremely dark-matter-dominated, low-surface-brightness stellar component.
- Discovery and Characteristics: CDG-1 was discovered in the Perseus galaxy cluster as a grouping of 4 potential globular clusters without any associated diffuse, starlight-emitting galaxy.
- Observations: Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UVIS F200LP imaging found no detectable diffuse emission, setting a surface brightness limit of > 28.1 mag arcsec, which suggests a high likelihood that the light from the system is almost entirely concentrated in the clusters themselves.
- Nature: It is characterized as a "nearly-dark" or low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy.
- Alternative Explanation: A less likely possibility is that it represents a chance alignment of four unrelated globular clusters within the halo of a larger galaxy (IC 312).
Sophia
"Fascism attempts to organize the newly proletarianized masses without affecting the property structure which the masses strive to eliminate. Fascism sees its salvation in giving these masses not their right, but instead a chance to express themselves. The masses have a right to change property relations; Fascism seeks to give them an expression while preserving property. The logical result of Fascism is the introduction of aesthetics into political life. [...] Mankind, which in Homer’s time was a spectacle for the Olympian gods, has become one for itself. [...] Communism responds by politicizing art." - Walter Benjamin
Tuesday, February 17, 2026
Knowing vs. Understanding
"Where is the Life we have lost in living? Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?"- T. S. Eliot
"What I cannot create, I do not understand"
- Richard Feynman
Franz Kafka, "Dearest Father" (the problem of knowledge derived from Recognized Authority/ SuperEgo vs Understanding thru Self-Creation/ Ego). Authority vs. Auteurity?
from Wiki:
The Name-of-the-Father (Nom-du-Père) is a central concept in Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, referring not to the biological father, but to a symbolic function that introduces the subject into the realm of language, law, and desire. As a signifier, it plays a structural role in mediating the child’s relationship to the mother’s desire, instituting the Oedipus complex, and making possible the formation of subjectivity. First emerging in Lacan’s seminars in the 1950s, the concept builds on Freud’s model of the father in the Oedipus complex but is reinterpreted through structural linguistics and semiotics. Lacan’s Name-of-the-Father acts as the "no" (non) that forbids incest and inaugurates the symbolic order. It is the master signifier anchoring the symbolic system. In the event of its foreclosure, as in psychosis, the symbolic order collapses, and the subject becomes vulnerable to hallucinations, delusions, and a breakdown in meaning. In Lacan’s later teaching, the concept is pluralized—Names-of-the-Father—to reflect the transformation and decline of paternal authority in contemporary society. This article traces the development of the Name-of-the-Father from its Freudian roots, through Lacan’s structuralist reformulation, and into contemporary psychoanalytic theory.
"Intelligence is a fixed goal with variable means of achieving it"
-William James
Monday, February 16, 2026
The Perils of Identity: Sincerity, Authenticity, and Profilicity
Saturday, February 14, 2026
Alysa Liu, Olympic Champion
Thursday, February 12, 2026
The Nature of Surplus/ Excess
Yes, Socrates, he said, and if you were providing for a city of pigs, how else would you feed the beasts?
But what would you have, Glaucon? I replied.
Why, he said, you should give them the ordinary conveniences of life. People who are to be comfortable are accustomed to lie on sofas, and dine off tables, and they should have sauces and sweets in the modern style.
Yes, I said, now I understand: the question which you would have me consider is, not only how a State, but how a luxurious State is created; and possibly there is no harm in this, for in such a State we shall be more likely to see how justice and injustice originate. In my opinion the true and healthy constitution of the State is the one which I have described. But if you wish also to see a State at fever-heat, I have no objection. For I suspect that many will not be satisfied with the simpler way of life. They will be for adding sofas, and tables, and other furniture; also dainties, and perfumes, and incense, and courtesans, and cakes, all these not of one sort only, but in every variety; we must go beyond the necessaries of which I was at first speaking, such as houses, and clothes, and shoes: the arts of the painter and the embroiderer will have to be set in motion, and gold and ivory and all sorts of materials must be procured.
True, he said
.The "utility" of "uselessness"
A product's "symbolic" AND pre-symbolic value
(producing meaning)
from Google AI:« Plus-de-jouir » (surplus enjoyment) est un concept introduit par Jacques Lacan dans son Séminaire XVII pour désigner un excès de jouissance qui dépasse le principe de plaisir et la satisfaction symbolique. Analogue à la « plus-value » de Marx, ce reste de plaisir est produit par le renoncement à une satisfaction totale.
A products's value does not simply emerge from the 'reality' of the utility of the object to the consumer (use value). It is a "transference/ transcendence" of use AND imaginary/symbolic/ and pre-symbolic surplus values through Das Ding and that constitute its' value's totality (visible + hidden values) and that establish the commodity's price.
from Google AI:In Lacanian psychoanalysis, das Ding (The Thing) represents an absolute, pre-symbolic, and lost object that constitutes a central, structural lack (manque) around which human subjectivity is organized. It is the "Real" that cannot be symbolized, often associated with the primordial, lost mother-object, acting as a "lethal abyss".
Das Ding (The Thing): Introduced via Freud and developed by Lacan, it is the void or the unrepresentable object that lies beyond the symbolic order. It is the goal of desire that can never be reached, only orbited.Manque (Lack/Loss): The subject is constituted by this fundamental lack. The objet petit a (object-cause of desire) is what remains of das Ding after it has undergone symbolization, representing the "lost object" in everyday life.Relationship: Das Ding is the ultimate, unattainable object, while manque is the experience of its absence, driving desire as a "metonymy" or "want-to-be" (manque-à-être).
Das Ding is often described as the "beyond-of-the-signified". It is the primordial outside of the subject, serving as the "structural a priori condition for memory
A miser (or collector) savors the surplus value of the packaging rendering the commodity inaccessible as a form of symbolic/ pre-symbolic surplus enjoyment (Plus de jouir) obtained through enjoyment's very denial.... refusal to open and remove the packaging that makes the commodity inaccessible that would diminish its' exchange value (violating the "sacred" adyton). For ultimately, all desire is derived through the preselected desires of Others. And the very moment in which a desire is obtained (packaging removed), it is transformed into a desire for something new, something different.
Tuesday, February 10, 2026
Loosening the Gordian Knot: The Rise of Populism
Sunday, February 8, 2026
Antimemetics Division Hub
An antimeme is an idea with self-censoring properties; an idea which, by its intrinsic nature, discourages or prevents people from spreading it.
Antimemes are real. Think of any piece of information which you wouldn't share with anybody, like passwords, taboos and dirty secrets. Or any piece of information which would be difficult to share even if you tried: complex equations, very boring passages of text, large blocks of random numbers, and dreams…
But anomalous antimemes are another matter entirely. How do you contain something you can't record or remember? How do you fight a war against an enemy with effortless, perfect camouflage, when you can never even know that you're at war?
Welcome to the Antimemetics Division.
No, this is not your first day.
from Wikipedia:
The mimetic theory of desire, an explanation of human behavior in relation to culture, originated with the French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science René Girard (1923–2015). The name of the theory derives from the philosophical concept mimesis, which carries a wide range of meanings. In mimetic theory, mimesis refers to human desire, which Girard thought was not linear but the product of a mimetic process in which people imitate models who endow objects with value.[1] Girard called this phenomenon "mimetic desire", and described mimetic desire as the foundation of his theory:
"Man is the creature who does not know what to desire, and he turns to others in order to make up his mind. We desire what others desire because we imitate their desires."[2]Mimetic theory has two main parts – the desire itself, and the resulting scapegoating. Girard's idea proposes that all desire is merely an imitation of another's desire, and the desire only occurs because others have deemed said object as worthwhile. This means that a desirable object is only desired because of societal ideas, and is not based on personal preference like most believe.[3] The mimetic desire is triangular, based on the subject, model, and object. The subject mimics the model, and both desire the object. Subject and model thus form a rivalry which eventually leads to the scapegoat mechanism.
The scapegoat mechanism has one requirement for it to be effective in restoring the peace; all participants in the removal of the scapegoat must genuinely believe that he is guilty. It is also essential that the scapegoat cannot strike back afterwards, so it is common for him to be killed. Once he is gone, peace will quickly be restored, further confirming his "guilt". However, the scapegoat is chosen arbitrarily. The resulting peace is borne from violence, and this form of violence controlling violence has existed since the beginning of civilizations.[4]
Girard believed that we cannot truly escape this mimetic desire, and that any attempts to do so would simply land you playing the game of mimesis on a different level. A new desire for peace must develop in order for the violence of scapegoating to end. However, the model for this desire must somehow rise above the tendency to scapegoat.[5]
In more recent years, mimetic theory was expanded by colleagues and critics of Girard, including Jean-Pierre Dupuy from the angle of economics, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe from the perspective of philosophy, and Nidesh Lawtoo from the angle of mimetic studies. Mimetic studies argues that not only desires, but all affects are mimetic.[6]
On Profilicity and Facebook Profiles...
Richard Feynman's Magnetic Personality...
from Google AI:
Magnetism and its underlying laws allow for the simulation of time moving backwards at a quantum or wave level. While thermodynamic time moves forward, manipulating spin dynamics with magnetic fields can make quantum systems, such as nuclear spins in molecules, appear to reverse their evolution. Specific experiments using magnetic fields can force particles to behave as if time is reversed, such as reversing the direction of magnetic fields and particle currents.
Key Concepts in Magnetic Time Reversal:
Quantum Spin Reversal: Researchers have used strong magnetic fields to manipulate the spin of particles (like in chloroform molecules), forcing them to evolve back to their original state, effectively reversing the thermodynamic arrow of time.Electromagnetic Time Reversal: Scientists have demonstrated that electromagnetic waves can be reversed in time by creating "time interfaces" using metamaterials with high-speed switches, essentially acting as a "time mirror".Time-Reversal Invariance: The fundamental laws of electromagnetism are generally time-reversal invariant, meaning the equations work the same forward or backward, allowing for theoretical reversal of physical processes.Limitations: While these experiments create conditions where time appears to move backward for specific particles or waves, they do not constitute reversing the overall flow of time for the universe.
Geomagnetic Reversal: Earth's magnetic poles periodically swap (north to south), which is a "reversal" of the field, but this is a physical flip of the magnetic field over thousands of years, not a reversal of time itself.
Saturday, February 7, 2026
...words, words, words
Paintings are the representations of the subjects from the perspective of the artist. What we believe we are seeing may or may not be the truth as the artist intended.
And that is not a bad thing – the ambiguity is what envelops paintings with mystery, allowing your imagination to kick in.
I believe this point is critical in understanding Magritte’s painting.
Not to Be Reproduced confronts us with two opposing realities: the incorrect reflection of the man vs. the correct reflection of the book. The painting is disquieting because it fails to meet our expectation to see the face and frontal body of the man in the mirror.
With this incongruity, Magritte is calling on our capacity of contemplation and imagination. He does not want the viewers to simply look at the painting and appreciate it as it is (which we probably would, had Magritte painted an accurate reflection of the man). Instead, he wants us to reflect on the contrasting realities, and experience the mystery that the painting evokes.
By painting a reproduction of the man’s back (as opposed to a reflection) we are also forced to question what we see, to question the reality of the narrative.
This has very much to do with the idea of the unreliable narrator.
Every work of art displays a subject in terms of how the artist envisions that subject. By introducing fictional physics (the impossible reflection of the man), Magritte incorporates an unreliable narrative into this painting.
The French copy of Edgar Allan Poe’s novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket that stands on the mantelpiece is very pertinent to this aspect of an unreliable narrative.
The protagonist of the novel, Arthur Gordon Pym, is a prototypical unreliable narrator (click here for our analysis of Poe’s novel). Pym’s narration contains contradictions, dubious events and even a confession from him that he may be fabricating some parts of his account
Friday, February 6, 2026
What are YOUR Miss/ Ms.- Gendering Pronouns?
Thursday, February 5, 2026
Old Paradigms Made New Again? On the Dirac Sea
Against Fundamentalist Evangelism/ Political Activism - Plur1bus: Christians vs. Buddhists
“Plur1bus is about extreme faith."
- Slavoj Zizek, "Pluribus, The Power of Division"
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“Love desires personality; therefore love desires division. It is the instinct of Christianity to be glad that God has broken the universe into little pieces… This is the intellectual abyss between Buddhism and Christianity; that for the Buddhist or Theosophist personality is the fall of man, for the Christian it is the purpose of God, the whole point of his cosmic idea… all modern philosophies are chains which connect and fetter; Christianity is a sword which separates and sets free. No other philosophy makes God actually rejoice in the separation of the universe into living souls."
-G.K. Chesterton, "Orthodoxy"
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"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time an end."
- Immanuel Kant, "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals "
The Gap between the Morals of "I" and the Ethics of "We" is bridged and broken during acts of religious evangelism or political activism.
Wednesday, February 4, 2026
Swimming in a Dirac Sea... and Spinning Past the 360 ZPE State of 'Empty/ Platonic' Space to 720/ o
In Plato's philosophy, goodness, symmetry (symmetria), proportion (metron), and truth are intricately linked, forming the foundation of his aesthetics, metaphysics, and ethics. Plato argues that beauty and true reality arise from a perfect mixture of these elements, largely under the influence of Pythagorean thought, which viewed mathematical harmony as the structure of the cosmos.Here is a breakdown of the relationships based on your query:1. Beauty as Symmetry and Proportion
- The "Good Mixture": In the Philebus, Socrates states that "beauty and truth and proportion are the qualities which make a good mixture".
- Definition of Beauty: Plato identifies beauty not as a subjective feeling, but as a structural property of objects. It consists of order, symmetry, and proportion (often linked to the Golden Ratio in later interpretations).
- The Role of Proportion: A lack of proportion leads to deformity and ugliness.
- The Divine Shape: Plato considers the sphere the most perfect shape because it is the most symmetrical and "similar to itself," representing ideal, intelligible beauty.
2. The Idea of the Good and Truth
- The Highest Form: The "Form of the Good" is the ultimate reality, the source of all value, and the "principle of beauty and truth".
- Illumination: Just as the sun illuminates the physical world, the Form of the Good provides truth to the intelligible world, making knowledge possible.
- The Role of Truth: Truth is considered the property of being in relation to our intellect, while symmetry represents the "true" image of the Form in the sensible world.
3. The Union: Goodness, Beauty, and Truth
- Intrinsic Link: Plato believed that what is good is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion.
- Integration of Life: Plato defines the good as threefold: good in the soul (virtue), good in the body (symmetry and endurance), and good in the external world (social harmony).
- Ethical Symmetry: Just as a body must be well-proportioned to be beautiful, the soul must be in a state of harmonious balance between its parts (reason, spirit, appetite) to be just.
Summary: For Plato, a "good" life or object is one that mimics the divine, orderly nature of the cosmos, which is characterized by the harmonious, proportional, and truthful balance of its parts.
"It is more importnt to have beauty in one's equations than to have them fit experiment."





