from Google AI:
Does the speed of light emerge from electromagnetic waves?
Yes. In fact, they are the exact same phenomenon. "Light" is simply the small, visible portion of the broader electromagnetic spectrum. The concept of the "speed of light" essentially describes the speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum. [1, 2, 3]
This speed naturally "emerges" from the fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism. [1]
How the Speed Emerges
Maxwell's Equations: In the 1860s, physicist James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism into a single theoretical framework known as electromagnetism.
The Wave Equation: When Maxwell combined these laws, the resulting mathematics naturally formed a classic wave equation. This proved that oscillating electric and magnetic fields sustain each other and ripple outward as a self-propagating wave. [1]
The Mathematical Constant: The equations calculated the precise velocity (\(c\)) of these waves using two fundamental constants of the vacuum: the electric constant (\(\epsilon _{0}\)) and the magnetic constant (\(\mu _{0}\)).The speed is defined by this formula:
\(c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\epsilon_0 \mu_0}}\) [1, 2, 3]
When you plug the known values for the permittivity and permeability of free space into this equation, it yields precisely \(299,792,458 \text{ m/s}\) (the universally accepted speed of light). [1, 2, 3]
Why it Matters
The term "speed of light" is actually a historical misnomer. It is more accurately described as the speed of electromagnetism. It dictates the speed of all electromagnetic radiation—including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays—all of which travel at this exact same speed in a vacuum. [1, 2, 3, 4]
To dive deeper into Maxwell's equations and how electric and magnetic constants define space, you can explore the NASA Science Electromagnetic Spectrum guide.
More Google AI:
The entanglement of magnons (quanta of magnetic spin waves) and excitons (electron-hole pairs) forms magnon-exciton entanglement. This represents a powerful quantum-mechanical linkage between electronic, optical, and magnetic states in materials like magnetic semiconductors or antiferromagnetic Mott insulators. [1, 2, 3, 4]
How it Works
When a material is hit with electromagnetic (EM) radiation (such as light), it can create a localized exciton. If this happens in a magnetic semiconductor, the creation or recombination of the exciton strongly couples to the local magnetic spins, generating or interacting with magnons. [1, 2, 3]
If you meant polaritons—hybrid quasiparticles of light (photons) and matter (excitons/magnons)—the EM field acts as the fundamental glue. When the electromagnetic field couples simultaneously to an exciton and a magnon, it results in a tripartite entangled state (Photon-Exciton-Magnon). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Why it Matters
- Opto-Spintronics: It allows you to use light (lasers, photons) to remotely write, read, or control magnetic qubits and spin states.
- Quantum Networks: Distributing quantum information becomes easier if you can convert the stationary, long-lived spin information (magnons) into optical information (excitons/photons) that can travel long distances. [1, 2, 3]
Recent research demonstrates that spin-entangled optical transitions can emerge naturally from these combined states, opening new avenues for quantum computing, optoelectronics, and long-range entanglement distribution. You can explore the foundational physics behind these interactions through research detailed in Caltech News or ACS Physical Chemistry Au. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
How Does Gravity Relate?
More from Google AI
Gravity is not the entanglement of gravitons with electromagnetic excitations (magnons, polaritons, or excitons). [1]
In short, while gravity, gravitons, and quantum entanglement interact, gravity itself is a fundamental force of nature rather than a specific byproduct of light-matter quasiparticles.
- The Role of Gravitons: In proposed quantum theories of gravity, gravitons are the hypothetical elementary particles that mediate the gravitational force. They couple to all energy and momentum (mass), but are not specifically composed of—or defined by—electromagnetic quasiparticles. [1, 2, 3]
- The Role of Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is a correlation between physical states. While gravitons can technically become entangled with photons or other electromagnetic fields (and these phenomena are studied in theoretical astrophysics and early-universe cosmology), this is an interaction between fields. It does not define gravity itself. [1, 2, 3]
- Theories of Entangled Space: The idea that entanglement creates spacetime or gravity is a major area of theoretical physics, specifically rooted in the AdS/CFT correspondence and the ER=EPR conjecture. These models propose that spacetime geometry is a geometric representation of underlying quantum entanglement. However, this involves the fundamental entanglement of quantum information networks, not just specific interactions with magnons or excitons. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
More Google AI:
Is gravity the entanglement of gravitons with bosons?
Not quite. Gravity is the bending of spacetime caused by mass and energy. If gravity operates on the quantum level, it is theorized to be mediated by gravitons. Entanglement itself isn't what gravity is; rather, gravity can cause entanglement between particles, and studying this phenomenon is a key way physicists attempt to test the quantum nature of gravity. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Core Concepts
Gravity's Role in Entanglement
- Gravitons: Hypothetical, massless, spin-2 bosons. In a future unified theory of quantum gravity, they would act as the fundamental force carriers of gravity—just as photons carry electromagnetism. [1, 2]
- Gravity: Under Albert Einstein's General Relativity, gravity is the geometric curvature of spacetime itself. This concept has to smoothly map to the idea of a graviton on a microscopic level. [1, 2, 3, 4]
- Entanglement: A phenomenon where quantum particles remain deeply connected, regardless of the distance between them. [1, 2, 3]
Recent research—including tabletop experiments testing Richard Feynman’s long-standing theories—suggests that gravity can actually generate entanglement between two separate massive objects. Because purely classical, non-quantum theories of gravity may be unable to achieve this, detecting this "gravitationally induced entanglement" is seen as a way to prove that gravity has quantum properties, potentially confirming the existence of gravitons.
More Google AI:
Does the difference in speed between mass (slower) and energy (faster) result in gravity being a pure effect of this difference (curved spacetime as energy flows around the mass)
Gravity is not a pure effect of a speed difference between mass and energy. Instead, both mass and energy contribute to the curvature of spacetime. In General Relativity, energy and mass are fundamentally equivalent (E = mc^2), and both serve as the source of gravity. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Why Your Idea is Partially Right (But Incomplete)The Real Source of Gravity
- Mass and Energy are Equivalent: In physics, "mass" is essentially highly concentrated, stationary energy. There is no fundamental difference between the two when it comes to gravitational pull. [1, 2]
- Everything Follows the Speed of Light: In relativity, all objects and energy are constantly moving through spacetime at exactly the speed of light (\(c\)). However, how that speed is divided between moving through time and moving through space depends on your speed. Slow-moving objects move mostly through time, while pure energy (like light) moves entirely through space. [1, 2, 3]
General Relativity dictates that gravity is a geometric property of spacetime. What actually causes the curvature is not just mass, but the Stress-Energy-Momentum Tensor. This is a mathematical framework representing: [1]Mass curves spacetime because it contains energy. When energy or matter moves through the universe, it follows the geodesic curves of this bent spacetime, which we observe as gravity.
- Mass/Energy Density: How densely packed mass and energy are in a given region.
- Momentum and Pressure: The flow and stress of that energy/momentum. [1]
More Google AI:
In physics, is mass just another name for momentum?
No, mass is not another name for momentum. They are two distinct but deeply related concepts in physics.
Key Differences
- Mass (m) is an intrinsic property of an object that measures its resistance to acceleration (inertia) and its gravitational pull. It remains the same whether the object is moving or standing still.
- Momentum (p) is a measure of an object's motion. It depends entirely on both its mass and how fast it is moving. If an object is not moving, its momentum is exactly zero, but its mass remains unchanged.
How They Connect
In everyday (classical) physics, the relationship is straightforward:
Momentum = Mass x VelocityIn Einstein's special relativity, the connection becomes more profound. Energy (E), momentum (p), and rest mass (m0) are tied together by the energy-momentum relation:
E^2 = (pc)^2 + (m0}c^2)^2
The Special Case of Light
Light (photons) proves that mass and momentum are not the same thing. A photon has zero rest mass, yet it still carries momentum because it possesses energy.
More from Google AI:
In physics, is mass just another name for inertia?
Yes, in classical physics, inertial mass is exactly the measure of an object's inertia. However, physics distinguishes between two types of mass that happen to have the exact same value. [1, 2, 3]
The Two Definitions of MassInertial Mass: This is an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (inertia). It is the "m" in Newton's famous equation:Force = Mass x Acceleration (F=ma)Gravitational Mass: This is an object's ability to attract other matter via gravity, and how strongly it responds to a gravitational field. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Equivalence Principle
44 comments:
written -- AI
reads as -- Captain Obvious
yawn
The point is to try and ask the right questions, to increase your own understanding. Most people don't because there are stupid questions too, and they're too embarrassed to ask even a good question that would increase their understanding. With AI, there's no judgement, so you can ask stupid questions like mine. :)
It's a great way to test your own understanding of concepts (provided the AI isn't spewing pure bs).
And Quantum Mechanics advanced science and the understanding of the universe and reality beyond Einstein's theory of relativity.
shuddup dimwit))))
that unable to get even simple scheme how Economy works (to get John Smith's simplest of simple explanation -- why it important to have INVESTORS)
...ask stupid questions like mine. :)
Impostor's Sindrome??? :)
To the post itself.
We just entrapped into that old story (about curved space-time... as previously, about Newtonian space and time).
Yawn.
But Reality... have no obligation to be bent to comply with our stories...
I did terrible in physics in college. So "yes".
it's a great time to be alive...
Indeed. Where's dark matter/energy in this story? Is it all in the structure/web?
Ayup! To witness the eventual great decline of the capital class of authoritarian fascists who have ruled and prospered at the expense of the working class for centuries as it created a system of market dependency. It is global.
And Adam Smith and his invisible hand of the free narket? An illusion. So, Screw Him. Nothing but political propaganda utilized in support of the capital class to oppress and control the working class.
You still believe in the possibility of linear progress, Les. It's cyclical, not linear. The arc of history bends towards justice? Nope. It bends into circles with difference and repetition (Deleuze & Guattari).
Just like gravity curves Space-Time. And Euclidean Space (flat) become Non-Euclidean (curved).
...requiring different measures and values to navigate (moral vs positional) physical and social spaces.
Ecclesiastes 3.
The time for the guilt-pride laden "luxury values" of American (& European) elites is over. You want to give up & sacrifice Western Civ on a bonfire of vanities, go for it. The Neoliberals are still rolling the dice on war with Russia and Iran and eventual world domination. Me? I'm aiming for personal sovereignty, not social sovereignty. Justice (individual) NOT SoJus (Social).
The purpose of philosophy to some is to reduce one's own "necessities" to a minimum. To gain sovereignty, not surplus. To "liberate/ free" ones-self and write your own story in a book (externalizing the memory of how). Liberal (free/book).
//I'm aiming for personal sovereignty, not social sovereignty. Justice (individual) NOT SoJus (Social).
Then…..my tech exactly for you. ;-)
To last Lessy's burp.
I give up. He is not just idiot, but bona fide crazy.
Yawn.
I was less then enamoured in it too.
History was my kink,
But, then I read some good popular books, and it got me. ;-p
I fully agree with your projection , dimwit anon.
I'm aiming for compete departure from, and rejection of, your ignorance and delusions, dimwit anon.
No need to bother yourself, dimwit.
You already quite departed and rejectful... of anything reasonable.))))
But, you can continue deepening your ignorance... if it pleases you, that strongly. ))))(
Like that is not your own words???
""authoritarian fascists who have ruled and prospered at the expense of the working class for centuries""
Yawn.
And where you found that "fascists"??? existing for centuries? %^))))
If even termin "fascist" are barely hundred years old. ;-p
Apparent crazy talks.
But, continue-continue, your crazy talks about "projections" and etc)))))
Hmm, you really love to project don't ya.
I stuck with history... up until I read a book called "A Story of Philosophy" by Will Durant (a Historian), and switched. I also gave up secondary sources at the time and switched to primary sources... (Durant was a secondary source).
Does it burn $100 bills?
...cuz I can already do that w/o new tech.
And you... to talk before mirror? %^P
Freedom of your mind.
But you, do not want such freedom?
Sorry. My bad. Yawn.
Memento "ether". Pre Einstain.
Well... my prime source -- was Lem, as you do know.
And since then, I found nothing better.
Well, you can blame me for not seeking.
But, HOW??? by which criteria I should be doing that???
As brute force method (just read every book) is not feasible at all.
Well. I was prepared to read (and understand) (Go)Lem.
As I have had read books on physics and technologies PRE to Lem.
By What Criteria? I already told you. Lindy. The books that withstood the test of time. Classics. Survivorship bias. The books that didn't survive were never "copied". Had they been "valuable" they would have been copied. They would have "added the armour" (by copying) to them.
btw - Want to know what books to read. Charles Murray's "Human Accomplishment"... but ignore his advice about the past (most recent) 50 years. Citations ARE important, even today. Post-Modernism is a real thing.
ZP Energy. Regions outside Space-Time at far edges of Cosmic Background radiation (limit of Universal expansion)
In Newtin's Universe? %^p
Yeah. Coprolites. Yawn.
They damn valuable.
Cause -- rare.
Mine. :)
Natural Selection & Reproduction. The fittest genes survive. The fitterst books, survive.
+ Ecclesiastes 3. Atavism. What goes around, comes around. Sometimes you need to eat sh*t to survive.
...and those who won't eat it, don't recognize its' potential, won't pass down their genes.
Google AI:
Yes, coprophagia (feces eating) is a highly valuable survival instinct for many animals. It acts as an evolutionary strategy to reclaim vital nutrients, stabilize gut bacteria, and protect offspring from predators and parasites.
While gross to human sensibilities, coprophagia serves several specific, life-saving purposes in nature:
Nutrient Reclamation: Undigested food and crucial vitamins (like Vitamin B12 and folic acid) are often still present in feces. For herbivores like rabbits, digesting food twice is a primary method of extracting necessary dietary energy.
Gut Microbiome Maintenance: Eating feces can help replenish beneficial gut bacteria. Studies on certain species (like voles) show that preventing this behavior reduces body mass, negatively impacts brain neurotransmitters, and decreases cognitive performance.
Parasite and Predator Defense: Canids (such as wolves and wild dogs) instinctively eat fresh feces to clean their dens. This hides their scent from predators and prevents the spread of intestinal parasites that can hatch from older, unattended droppings.
Protein for Scavengers: Scavengers and birds (such as hooded vultures) often consume protein-rich carnivore dung to supplement a diet that lacks adequate meat.
Though it acts as an evolutionary advantage for many species, in domesticated pets like dogs, it can sometimes be a sign of nutritional deficiencies, digestive issues, or behavioral stress rather than raw survival.
Ahhhh, the spice melange...
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