from Google AI:
The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas (vapor) at a constant temperature, typically its boiling point. It's often called the heat of vaporization. This energy input doesn't increase the substance's temperature, but instead, is used to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the liquid molecules together, allowing them to transition into a gaseous state.
...and atmospheric cooling during global warming
There isn't a simple ratio of "global warm to ice periods" because Earth's climate has alternated between long ice ages and shorter interglacial warm periods over millions of years, with each cycle lasting about 100,000 years, but with warmer periods lasting roughly 20,000 years and cooler, glaciated periods lasting about 80,000 years. The crucial difference is the rate of warming; the current period of global warming due to human-caused emissions is occurring tens to hundreds of times faster than natural warming transitions from past ice ages.
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