Deleuze on Leibnitz

from Google AI:

In Leibnizian philosophy, monads are indivisible, non-spatial, and non-temporal "true atoms of nature" that exist outside conventional space-time, which they produce through their interactions. They are simple substances representing the universe from unique viewpoints, while space and time are perceived as relationships of co-existence or succession.

Key Concepts of Monads in Space-Time 

• Non-Spatial Essence: Monads themselves have no extension, shape, or parts, meaning they do not exist in space, but rather generate the phenomena of spatial extension.
• Production of Time: The change of state within a monad produces the perception of time, with their interactions forming the order of succession.
• Idealized Framework: Space and time are not fundamental realities but rather ordered relations between the perceptions of the monads.
• Resonant Monad Theory: Recent theoretical frameworks suggest monads are informational units of "resonance" that define six-dimensional spacetime, acting as a bridge between quantum mechanics, relativity, and consciousness.
• Single Monad Model: Some models interpret the cosmos as originating from a single, supreme monad that generates all physical space-time at each moment, creating a "flow of time".

While monads are metaphysically independent, they are coordinated by a "pre-established harmony," allowing them to collectively represent a coherent universe.

Voltaire on the "best possible world" of Leibnitz (for parallax):

In Voltaire's "Candide" (1759), the concept of "the best of all possible worlds" is satirized and challenged through the character of Pangloss, who stubbornly clings to the idea despite witnessing immense suffering and injustice, ultimately leading Candide to reject such naive optimism